Stripboard Projects
Music based Stripboards https://www.parasitstudio.se/build-docs.html
Relay board with LEDs https://startingelectronics.org/projects/arduino-projects/arduino-tiny-relay-shield/
Development of an Arduino-based, open-control interface for hardware in the loop applications
Really great example of stripboard in research Built for hardware in the loop experiments, including analogue signal ranges of 0-5V, 0-10V, and +-10V, nd 4-20mA.
Ideal for educational settings due to its low cost and high accessibility.
@article{KVALSUND2023e00488,
title = {Development of an Arduino-based, open-control interface for hardware in the loop applications},
journal = {HardwareX},
volume = {16},
pages = {e00488},
year = {2023},
issn = {2468-0672},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00488},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468067223000950},
author = {Anniken Semb Kvalsund and Dietmar Winkler},
keywords = {Arduino, Python, Electric drive, Voltage converter interface, IO-module, Electronics, Low-cost},
abstract = {This article presents a flexible control interface based on low-cost hardware solutions for electric drives which classically come either with a proprietary hardware solution or a high-cost interface solution. The interface presented can be used to connect a standard PC with an electric drive to enable testing simulation and control applications. The control interface is developed based on the open-source Python scripting language and Arduino’s open-source and accessible hardware. The new interface communicates with the test stand through its I/O terminals via developed electronic amplifiers and creates a solid base for further development towards more extensive hardware in the loop simulations.}
}Output voltage and filtering
As the equipment uses 0-10V and +-10V as analogue input values, the Arduino’s 0-5V output voltage needs to be amplified before being sent to the devices. This section describes the process from the Arduino PWM output pins to the Variable Frequency Drive and servo drive’s analogue input terminals.
To begin with, the PWM output voltage should go through a low-pass filter to reduce the voltage ripples. The low-pass filter is a low-cost and straightforward way to create a more stable voltage, allowing for more accurate control. It cannot produce a perfectly flat voltage output but is sufficient for this control circuit. The filter consists of a 47 ohm resistor in series and a 1 uF capacitor connected in parallel to ground. These values are chosen based on Eq. (1), creating a low ripple, albeit reasonably slow response time due to its high resistance.
$$ V_out = V_in \frac{X_C}{\sqrt{R^2 + {X_C}^2}} $$
The slow response should however not cause any significant disadvantage compared to the current equipment’s inertia.
After the low-pass filter, the filtered signal is sent through an operational amplifier (op-amp) configured as a voltage follower. The voltage follower is added because the low pass filter used is passive, causing any component added to the circuit to affect the filter’s characteristics without a buffer. For example, the configuration shown in Fig. 3 offers an op-amp where the output is connected to the input, which forces the op-amp to adjust its output voltage to equal the input voltage. Hence, the output voltage “follows” the input voltage and avoids any retroactive influence on the filter connected to its input [6].
attachment:_20240324_144132screenshot.png
https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2468067223000950-gr3_lrg.jpg
From the voltage follower, the signal is sent through another op-amp, configured as a differential amplifier. In short, the op-amp multiplies the difference with a factor determined by the resistors. If R1 = R2, and R3 = R4, the output voltage in Fig. 4 can be calculated as shown in Eq. (2). (2)
attachment:_20240324_144254screenshot.png
V_out = \frac{R3}{R1} (V2 - V1)