Peltier chiller
Making a Peltier Chiller How to Make a Peltier-Based Saline Chiller
Courtesy of Anne-Elise Tobin, Lamont Tang, Adam Taylor 2007
Hot side:
- Sand the copper plate clean, smooth, and shiny. You need good surface contact with the ceramic Peltier unit.
- Apply a thin coat of heat sink compound, using a clean razor blade to make a thin, clean layer. The heat sink should be smooth, not grainy.
- Gently place ceramic Peltier on the heat sink compound coated copper plate. Squish it around a little as you press down gently (don’t break the ceramic). This will squeeze out extra heat sink compound so your Peltier has good contact with the copper plate.
attachment:_20240410_171625screenshot.png
Cold side:
- Clean the plastic top. This is where the saline will make contact, so you want it clean but don’t use soap.
- Cut a square of parafilm of the same dimensions as the plastic Peltier holder.
- Now cut out parts so that when you screw the top on, the screws won’t screw through the parafilm (this gunks up the screw threads).
- Put the parafilm sheet wax side down, on top of the plastic plate, and with a pencil, rub on the paper side of the parafilm, near the screw holes, to highlight where the screw holes are (like charcoal rubbing).
- Now you can cut squares for each screw hole.
- Even better (optional) is if you also rub with the pencil to outline where the saline wells are. You can carefully cut those sections out so you have direct contact between your saline and your Peltier.
- Your sheet should look something like this:
attachment:_20240410_171720screenshot.png
Line the “wells†in the plastic top with Vaseline.
- This is to prevent the saline from leaking out the sides of the wells.
- You can spread on the Vaseline with a spatula, or even better, put some Vaseline (not with mineral oil) in a 5cc syringe and extrude it along the sides of the wells.
- When you’re done, the Vaseline should be uniform and be slightly higher than the sides of the wells:
attachment:_20240410_171848screenshot.png
Sandwich assembly:
- If you did NOT cut the well holes out of the parafilm:
- Apply a small amount of heat sink compound to the ceramic Peltier unit (as you did to the copper plate), using a clean razor blade to make a thin, clean layer.
- Lay the parafilm, wax side down, on the heat sink compound.
- Orient the parafilm so that the sections removed for the screw holes will line up with the screw holes.
- Using a wooden stirrer stick, gently roll the parafilm as if you’re rolling out dough. This is to gently press the parafilm into the heat sink, for best contact.
- If you did cut the well holes out of the parafilm:
- Lay the parafilm, wax side down, on the ceramic Peltier unit.
- Orient the parafilm so that the sections removed for the screw holes will line up with the screw holes, and the well holes line up as well.
attachment:_20240410_171942screenshot.png
- Line the plastic top, Vaseline side down, above the Peltier unit, and lower the top onto the unit. Do not press hard.
- Slide the screws into their slots (don’t tighten yet).
- Gently tighten the screws in an alternating fashion:
- Partially screw in the first screw, just until the screw head is pressing on the plastic.
- Choose the screw directly opposite and partially tighten it the same way.
- Continue to do this for all screws, alternating between screws on opposite sides of the Peltier.
- Using the same alternating pattern, gently tighten the screws.
- This alternating pattern ensures even compression. The final tightening should be only finger-tight, using the tips of your fingers. If you screw too tight, you risk breaking the Peltier! You should be able to see the Vaseline wells through the top.
- Verify that there are no gaps in the Vaseline wells. If there are, the Peltier will probably leak.
Advantages
Fans help to divert the flow of cold and warm air on either side of the module. Multiple coolers can be connected side by side to increase the cooling capacity of the system. That being said, it is difficult to maintain low temperatures (below 10°C) with a Peltier system.
Peltier systems require more energy input than comparable compressor-based systems. However, while heat is emitted from Peltier systems, it is comparatively less than in compressor-based systems. This means that there may be some savings in terms of air conditioning load in the area where the unit is housed, which could help offset the energy efficiency differential. Advantages of Peltier Systems
Here are the main advantages of thermoelectric cooling systems:
Quiet and free of vibrations as they don’t contain moving parts Location isn’t an issue and they can be moved so are suitable for portable units Can be small and lightweight No flammable or ozone-depleting refrigerants are required. Economical to produce Require little maintenance Less complex and easier to replace than compressor-based cooling systems Reversing the polarity will switch to a heating system
Disadvantages of Peltier Systems
Peltier systems also come with their drawbacks:
Cooling is generally slower than in compressor-cooling systems Complex, multistage systems are required for larger temperature differentials Can’t provide low temperatures (below 10°C) Not energy-efficient compared to compressor-based systems (although control technology means cooling can be more accurately measured than with a compressor, so these systems can be energy-efficient for small temperature gradients)